The rapid increase in textile waste in the world has drawn growing attention to the environmental consequences of rapid fashion. In 2015, the global textile and clothing industry generated approximately 92 million metric tonnes of waste (1), and projections suggest that this figure could increase by at least 50% by 2030 in a scenario (2). Uncourable waste management practices, such as discharge, have exacerbated environmental challenges, contributing to the release of micro and nanoplastics as well as per- and polyfluoroalkyle (APF) substances in ecosystems (3, 4). The textile industry requires urgency of sustainable interventions which will promote a circular economy.
