Physicists discover that universal laws governing quantum entanglement

Scientists discovered universal laws of entanglement in any dimension. The results reinforce the links between particle physics, quantum theory and gravity.

A group of theoretical physicists has shown that quantum entanglement obeys universal principles in each dimension by applying an effective theory theory. Their results were recently published in the journal Physical examination letterswhere the paper was selected as suggestion of the publishers.

“This study is the first example of the application of efficient theory to quantum information. The results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, and we hope to further develop this approach to acquire a deeper understanding of quantum tangled structures, “said the main author and Kyushu University Institute for Advanced Study Advanced, Professor Yuya Kusuki.

Quantum tangle and renyi entropy

In classic physics, the particles which are distant both act independently. On the other hand, quantum physics shows that two particles can remain strongly correlated even at long distances, a phenomenon called quantum tangle. This effect is at the heart of quantum technologies such as quantum calculation And quantum communication, making its study essential both for theoretical information and practical applications.

One of the main tools to characterize the tangle is the entropy of Rényi, which measures the complexity of quantum states and how the information is distributed. It plays a key role in the classification of quantum states, assessing whether complex quantum systems can be simulated, and is also widely used in theoretical research on the black hole Paradox of information loss and quantum severity.

Despite its importance, the discovery of the structure of quantum entanglement remains a major challenge for physics and science of quantum information. Until now, most investigations have been limited to (1 + 1) dimension models, which means a more time spatial dimension. The extension of this work to higher dimensions has proven to be much more complex.

A team led by Yuya Kusuki at the Kavli Institute of the University of Tokyo for physics and mathematics of the universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), with the professor of Caltech Hirosi Ooguri and the Sridip Pal researcher, has now demonstrated that the beginning Quantum presents universal patterns even in higher dimensions. They reached it by adapting theoretical methods originally developed in particle physics to study quantum information.

Apply effective thermal theory

The research team has focused on effective theory theory, which has recently led to major progress in the analysis of larger theories in particle physics. It is a theoretical framework designed to extract the universal behavior of complex systems, based on the idea that observable quantities can often be characterized only by a small number of parameters.

By introducing this framework into the theory of quantum information, the team analyzed the behavior of renyi entropy in larger quantum systems. Rényi entropy is characterized by a parameter called a replica number.

The team has shown that, in the regime of the small number of replicas, the behavior of renyi entropy is universally governed by only a few parameters, such as Casimir energy, a key physical quantity in theory. In addition, by taking advantage of this result, the team clarified the behavior of the tangle spectrum in the region where its own values ​​are important.

They also studied how universal behavior changes depending on the method used to assess Rényi entropy. These results are not only in dimensions (1 + 1), but also in arbitrary dimensions of space-time, marking a significant step in understanding the quantum tangled structures in higher dimensions.

The next step for researchers is to generalize and refine this framework. This work represents the first demonstration that effective thermal theory can be applied effectively to the study of quantum tangled structures in higher dimensions, and there is enough space to further develop this approach. By improving effective thermal theory with quantum information applications in mind, researchers could acquire a more in -depth understanding of quantum tangled structures in higher dimension systems.

On the applied side, theoretical ideas taken from this research can lead to improvements in digital simulation methods for larger quantum systems, propose new principles to classify quantum quantum states and contribute to a quantum theortal understanding of quantum gravity. These developments are promising for large and impactful future applications.

Reference: “Universality of Rényi entropy in Conforal Field Theory” by Yuya Kukuki, Hirosi Ooguri and Sridip Pal, August 5, 2025, Physical examination letters.
Two: 10.1103 / FSG7-ABS7Q

This research was partly supported by the American Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under the reward number of-SC0011632 and by the Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics in Caltech. Hirosi Ooguri is also partly supported by the Simons Investigator Award (MP-SIP-00005259) and by JSPS-INED subsidies for scientific research 23K03379. His work was done in part at the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe of the University of Tokyo, which is supported by the first first international Research Center Initiative, Mext, Japan, at the Kavli Institute for theoretical physics (KITP) at the University of California, Santa Barbara, which is supported by the Physic supported by the subsidy NSF Phy-1607611. Yuya Kusunoki is also supported by the Inmori Frontier program of Kyushu University and the JSPS Kakenhi grant number 23K20046.

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